Gearboxes That Grenade and Fasteners That Vibrate Loose

Failure 1: Stripped or chipped gear teeth#

Gears die from shock loading, not steady torque. Slamming a drivetrain from full speed to reverse, or a mechanism crashing into a hard stop at speed, spikes torque far beyond nominal. Fixes: add motion profiling and slew limiting so torque rises smoothly; set motor current limits (40 A is a common drive value) so the gearbox never sees stall torque repeatedly; and add a slip clutch on mechanisms prone to crashing.

Failure 2: Bent mounting plates#

A common gearbox mounting problem is insufficient structural support. The force to lift an elevator can be large, if it tries to pull the motor output shaft and a driven shaft together, it can bend a thin aluminum plate, throwing off gear mesh and chewing teeth. Fix: use both plates of a gearbox (don't cantilever a single plate), add standoffs/spacers between plates to maintain center distance under load, and gusset the mount to the frame.

Failure 3: Sheared or spun shafts#

Set screws on round shafts back out and the shaft spins inside the gear/sprocket. Prefer hex shaft (1/2 in hex is standard; pair it with a heavy-duty hex bearing such as AndyMark am-2986, 1.125 in OD) so torque transmits through the flats, not a set screw. Where you must clamp, use clamping collars and a flat or knurl.

Failure 4: Fasteners vibrating loose#

FRC robots are vibration machines; unsecured bolts walk out over a match. Defenses:

• Nylock nuts wherever a nut is accessible (good for vibration but heat-limited).
• Blue (medium-strength) threadlocker on threads that don't need frequent service; it's removable with hand tools.
• Avoid permanent (red) threadlocker on anything you'll service.
• Correct torque, an under-torqued bolt loosens, an over-torqued one strips aluminum threads. Use thread inserts (heli-coils) in aluminum for high-cycle fasteners.

Diagnostic workflow when something keeps breaking#

1. Inspect the failed part: stripped teeth = shock load; bent plate = stiffness; spun bore = set-screw shaft.
2. Quantify the load path; is anything crashing into a hard stop at speed?
3. Apply the matching fix (profiling/current limit, plate stiffening, hex shaft, locking hardware).
4. Run 50+ cycles on the practice bot and re-inspect before trusting it in a match.

Pre-match habit#

Do a fastener audit before every match: a quick wrench check on drivetrain, gearbox, and superstructure bolts catches the loose one before it falls out on the field.